![]() ![]() The framework for these STD clinics included timely diagnosis, testing with on-site treatment, and partner services.ĭuring the 1980s and 1990s, most specialized STD care was provided in STD clinics and HIV programs ( 9). These types of clinics increased in number during the 1930s and 1940s, and clinics have remained a large component of public health services ( 8). In the United States, clinics dedicated to caring for patients with STDs, such as the first STD clinic in Baltimore, Maryland, which opened in 1922, offered confidential care to counteract the stigma of syphilis ( 7). A principle of STD care is timely management of infections, evidenced by the Brussels Agreement of 1924, an international treaty that sought to establish STD care in ports for merchant marines ( 6). Historically, STDs were diagnosed in public health clinics for reasons of anonymity, confidentiality, and specialized care. Most reported STD cases are from providers in non-STD clinics, such as private physician offices and community health centers ( 2). STDs increasingly are being diagnosed in various health care settings. In addition, STDs can increase a person’s risk for acquiring and transmitting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection ( 4, 5). STDs can lead to severe reproductive health complications, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and congenital infection. STDs account for $16.9 billion annually in health care costs ( 3). In recent years, STDs rates have increased ( 2). These recommendations are intended to help health care providers in primary care or STD specialty care settings offer STD services at their clinical settings and to help the persons seeking care live safer, healthier lives by preventing and treating STDs and related complications.Īpproximately 20 million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) occur every year in the United States, with approximately half occurring among persons aged 15–24 years ( 1). CDC organized the recommendations for STD QCS into eight sections: 1) sexual history and physical examination, 2) prevention, 3) screening, 4) partner services, 5) evaluation of STD-related conditions, 6) laboratory, 7) treatment, and 8) referral to a specialist for complex STD or STD-related conditions.ĬDC developed the recommendations by synthesizing relevant, evidence-based guidelines and recommendations issued by other experts reviewing current practice in the United States soliciting Delphi ratings by subject matter experts on STD care in primary care and STD specialty care settings discussing the scientific evidence supporting the proposed recommendations at a consultation meeting of experts and institutional stakeholders held November 20, 2015, in Atlanta, Georgia conducting peer reviews of draft recommendations and supporting evidence and discussing draft recommendations and supporting evidence during meetings of the CDC/Health Resources and Services Administration Advisory Committee on HIV, Viral Hepatitis, and STD Prevention and Treatment STD Work Group. These recommendations might also help in the development of clinic-level policies (e.g., standing orders, express visits, specimen panels, and reflex testing) that can facilitate implementation of the STD Guidelines. STD QCS differs from the STD Guidelines by specifying operational determinants of quality services in different types of clinical settings, describing on-site treatment and partner services, and indicating when STD-related conditions should be managed through consultation with or referral to a specialist. These recommendations complement CDC’s Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015 (hereafter referred to as the STD Guidelines), a comprehensive, evidence-based reference for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of STDs. ![]() health care providers regarding quality clinical services for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) for primary care and STD specialty care settings. ![]() This report (hereafter referred to as STD QCS) provides CDC recommendations to U.S. ![]()
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